Models of limited value to determine indirect land use change (ILUC) factors for biofuels

Biofuels have the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Besides direct emissions from the production chain emissions from indirect land use change (ILUC) can reduce this potential. Therefore, the possibility to include an ILUC-emission factor in the EU sustainability criteria is investigated. Integral global models can be used to explore these emissions. However, the complexity of the system and its related assumptions introduce significant differences in the results of different models. Moreover, the ILUC-emission of biofuels vary in time due to a changing context.