Predictability, equitability and adequacy of post-2012 international climate financing proposals

Article

This study assesses four proposals to generate funds for international climate financing in developing countries according to three criteria: adequacy, predictability and equitability. The focus year is 2020, in which USD 100 billion should be available for climate financing according to the Copenhagen Accord. The four financing proposals assessed include auctioning emission allowances (Norwegian Proposal), a global carbon tax (Swiss Proposal), an emissions trading (IET) levy, and a tax on international aviation and shipping emissions (bunker fuel emissions tax).

Adequacy and predictability are assessed by calculating the revenue of the financing proposals for three mitigation scenarios. Equitability is assessed by comparing the regional distribution of costs of the financing proposals to that of a common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities approach, which can be regarded as an equitable approach. For the calculations, the integrated FAIR model is used.

Based on the three criteria above, we conclude that the Swiss Proposal and the bunker fuel emissions tax are the most promising financing proposals of the four. An IET levy receives a low score for all three criteria. Importantly, a low price on the carbon market, resulting from a low mitigation ambition level (as under the current unconditional Copenhagen Accord pledges), would undermine generating funding for all financing proposals analysed here except for the Swiss Proposal. Combining such proposals would therefore not increase the predictability of funding.

Authors

PBL Authors
Andries Hof Michel den Elzen Angelica Mendoza Beltran

Specifications

Publication title
Predictability, equitability and adequacy of post-2012 international climate financing proposals
Publication date
14 June 2011
Publication type
Article
Publication language
Dutch
Magazine
Environmental Science and Policy
Issue
Volume 14, Issue 6, October 2011, Pages 615-627
Product number
491