Dutch energy supply is at a tipping point. The share of renewable energy is expected to grow at an accelerated pace, up to 2023; in part due to the efforts of those involved in the Energy Agreement…
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon…
Greenhouse gas emissions from current and enhanced policies of China until 2030: Can emissions peak before 2030?
In June 2015, China announced its post-2020 reduction targets, its central element being the intention to peak CO 2 emissions by 2030 or earlier. China has implemented several policies to reduce its…
Raising the ambition level of INDCs allows for a smoother energy transition
This note presents preliminary calculations on the implications of the INDCs for the long-term international climate goal of keeping global temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial…
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion Part III: Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions; 2015 Edition
To show the changes in energy-related CO 2 emission in response to economic and policy developments, the annual reference publication “CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion” by the International Energy…
Assessing Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Climate Agreement
Climate plans submitted by countries in the run-up to the Paris Summit could, if fully implemented, deliver significant reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases. Without new climate policy, the…
Transport: A roadblock to climate change mitigation?
Global emissions scenarios studies, such as those informing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5), highlight the importance of the transport sector for…
Adaptation to climate change in the Netherlands - Studying related risks and opportunities
The Netherlands, similar to many other countries, is vulnerable to climate change. With its new Delta Programme, the Dutch Government has made an important step forward towards national climate…
Comparing future patterns of energy system change in 2 °C scenarios with historically observed rates of change
This paper systematically compares modeled rates of change provided by global integrated assessment models aiming for the 2 °C objective to historically observed rates of change. Such a comparison can…
Worldwide climate effects - Risks and opportunities for the Netherlands
Natural disasters due to weather extremes occur frequently, both in Europe and in the rest of the world. In the first decade of the 21st century, for example, 3000 natural disasters were reported…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
