A multi-data assessment of land use and land cover emissions from Brazil during 2000-2019
Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and land cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%–29% of the global total. There is, however, a lack of…
Energy system developments and investments in the decisive decade for the Paris Agreement goals
The Paris Agreement does not only stipulate to limit the global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C, it also calls for 'making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low…
Identifying regional drivers of future land-based biodiversity footprints
Biodiversity footprints quantify the impacts on ecosystems caused by final consumption in a region, accounting for imports and exports. Up to now, footprint analyses have typically been applied to…
Costs of avoiding net negative emissions under a carbon budget
The 2 °C and 1.5 °C temperature targets of the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as targets never to be exceeded, or as end-of-century targets. Recent literature proposes to move away from the latter…
Persistent inequality in economically optimal climate policies
Benefit-cost analyses of climate policies by integrated assessment models have generated conflicting assessments. Two critical issues affecting social welfare are regional heterogeneity and inequality…
The growing demand for food, water, and shelter change the way people use land and these changes have affected or even caused conflicts in several locations. However, conflicts do not erupt in…
Together with stakeholders in Kenya and Ethiopia, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), PBL (Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency), the Joint Research Centre of the European…
Effectively empowering: a different look at bolstering the effectiveness of global environmental assessments
Global environmental assessments are widely considered to play a prominent role in environmental governance. However, they are also criticised for a lack of effectiveness in informing policy and…
A framework for national scenarios with varying emission reductions
National-level climate actions will be vital in achieving global temperature goals in the coming decades. Near-term (2025–2030) plans are laid out in Nationally Determined Contributions; the next step…
Greenhouse gas emission scenarios in nine key non-G20 countries: an assessment of progress toward 2030 climate targets
This study compares greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions projections in 2030 under current policies and those under 2030 mitigation targets for nine key non-G20 countries, that collectively account for…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
