Balancing the carbon market: carbon market impacts of developing country emission reduction targets
In the period leading up to the climate conference in Copenhagen scientific evidence is mounting that deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, in industrialized (Annex I) countries as well as in…
Climate change in Europe. 1. Impact on terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. A review
This article outlines the impacts of climate change on biodiversity by showing both observed and projected changes in the distribution and phenology of plants and animals (phenology refers to changes…
Balancing the carbon market: overview of carbon price estimates
The costs associated with climate policy are of high interest to both governments and economic agents in developed and in developing countries. When a clear climate target is set, the carbon price…
Vulnerability of people and the environment - challenges and opportunities. Background Report on Chapter 7 of GEO-4
This report provides the background to the vulnerability analysis in the fourth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-4), published by United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) in October 2007. It…
Beyond 2015: Long-term development and the Millennium Development Goals
More than a billion people live in poverty, without adequate food, safe drinking water or clean energy. Aimed at providing basic quality of life, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are leading on…
Regional modelling of particulate matter for the Netherlands
The natural contribution to particulate matter (PM) can now be calculated with a model for PM. Therefore, the LOTOS EUROS model was extended with a description of PM from sea salt and mineral dust. In…
Global CO2 emissions: annual increase halves in 2008
The very high oil prices until the summer of 2008 together with a worldwide financial crisis that started to affect activities in society worldwide, in particular in the second half of 2008, have…
The large contribution of projected HFC emissions to future climate forcing
By 2050, the effect of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) on global warming will be as large as that of 14% of global CO 2 emissions, in business-as-usual scenarios. HFCs are strong greenhouse gases, and are…
Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990-2007
This report documents the 2009 Netherlands’ annual submission of its greenhouse gas emission inventory in accordance with the guidelines provided by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate…
An economy model for GISMO: DART-PBL technical documentation
The Global Integrated Sustainability Model (GISMO) is a platform for analysing the complexity of sustainable development and human well-being with regards to the three sustainability domains: People…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
