Circular Economy: what we want to know and can measure
With the government-wide programme ‘A circular economy in the Netherlands by 2050’, the Dutch Government has outlined its plans for the transition towards a circular economy. To be able to track…
Towards an urban preview: Modelling future urban growth with 2UP
Future projections of global population distribution and urbanization become increasingly important in scenario-based assessments of climate related exposure and vulnerability. The 2UP model is…
Land-use emissions play a critical role in land-based mitigation for Paris climate targets
Scenarios that limit global warming to below 2 °C by 2100 assume significant land-use change to support large-scale carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) removal from the atmosphere by afforestation/reforestation…
In the past decades, the relationship between water issues and conflict risks received much attention, both in the literature and the media. However, reports and publications warning about these…
Modelling the Water-Energy-Food-Land-Climate Nexus: The Nexus Tree Approach
The Water-Land-Energy-Food-Climate Nexus approach considers these five sectors as inextricably linked, forming a complex system of interrelations. A theoretical framework is presented to…
Integrating Functions for a Sustainable Urban System: A Review of Multifunctional Land Use and Circular Urban Metabolism
Cities pose environmental challenges but also offer possibilities to close material and energy loops and connect multiple societal and ecologic services. Two important new research directions that…
Deliverable D2.2 Nexus-relevant policies at national and regional scale
Implementation of the UNFCCC Paris agreement on climate change gets more attention from European national governments than the multi-sectoral Sustainable Development Goals. This unilateral focus may…
Risk of increased food insecurity under stringent global climate change mitigation policy
Food insecurity can be directly exacerbated by climate change due to crop-production-related impacts of warmer and drier conditions that are expected in important agricultural regions. However…
A global analysis of future water deficit based on different allocation mechanisms
Freshwater scarcity is already an urgent problem in some areas, but may increase significantly in the future. To assess future developments, we need to understand how future population growth…
Most policies consist of mixes, new interventions being implemented on top of already existing policies. Whether this is a good idea or not is often unclear: evaluating policy mixes is difficult, and…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
