Demographic change in the Netherlands: Strategies for resilient labour markets
In 2013 PBL contributed to a study on demographic changes, commissioned by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). PBL's contribution has now been published as a book…
Exploring future changes in land use and land condition and the impacts on food, water, climate change and biodiversity: Scenarios for the UNCCD Global Land Outlook
The pressure on land is growing in many regions of the world, due to the increasing demand for arable crops, meat and dairy products, bio-energy and timber, and is exacerbated by land degradation and…
The role of decentralized systems in providing universal electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa – A model-based approach
Poverty and lack of access to electricity are highly correlated. In Sub-Saharan Africa, one of the poorest regions in the world, two in every three people have no access to electricity. This paper…
Perspectives on the future of nature in Europe: impacts and combinations
Halting biodiversity loss in the EU requires substantial policy action. The Nature Outlook study elaborates four perspectives on the future of nature, in search for new policy approaches. This…
Implementing the “Sustainable Development Goals”: towards addressing three key governance challenges—collective action, trade-offs, and accountability
Realising the aspirations of the “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDGs) to reduce inequality, limit ecological damage, and secure resilient livelihoods is a grand challenge for sustainability science…
With the adoption of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the world committed to an economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable world. The corresponding objectives, laid down in…
ICT's change transport and mobility. Mind the policy gap!
In recent years both our need or desire for mobility and the opportunities and tools available to meet them have changed (and keep on changing) as a result of information and communication…
How natural capital delivers ecosystem services: A typology derived from a systematic review
To help decision-makers understand the links between natural capital and ecosystem services (i.e. nature’s contribution to people) a simple typology was developed showing how attributes of natural…
Impact of LULCC on the emission of BVOCs during the 21st century
Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) is one of the key drivers of anthropogenic climate change. In addition to greenhouse gases such as CO 2 or CH 4 , LULCC affects also the emission of other carbon…
Modeling the Effects of Future Growing Demand for Charcoal in the Tropics
Global demand for charcoal is increasing mainly due to urban population in developing countries. More than half the global population now lives in cities, and urban-dwellers are restricted to charcoal…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
