The Dutch countryside is losing its rural and open character and is increasingly affected by visually intrusive developments. More and more farm buildings have a purely residential function, and…
Environmental policy and modelling in evolutionary economics
Evolutionary economics is a systems approach, where activities at the micro-level lead to macro-level changes. Such tools are especially useful for the assessment of environmental policies, which are…
From Climate objectives to emissions reduction. Insights into the opportunities for mitigating climate change
Required reductions for reaching low greenhouse gas stabilisation levels are technically feasible at likely range of direct costs in the order of 1-2% of GDP, but this will require immediate action, a…
Stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations at low levels: an assessment of options and costs
The EU target of limiting global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celcius can only be achieved with high certainty when greenhouse gas concentrations stabilise at low levels. Required emission…
Global greenhouse gas emissions increased 75% since 1970
Recent research by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, in collaboration with the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the EU in Ispra, showed that global emissions of the six Kyoto greenhouse…
Integrated Development and Climate Policies: how to realise benefits at national and international level?
Development efforts will be seriously hampered by the risks of climate change if these are not tackled. Reduced economic growth due to climate change damages, threatened or under-performing…
Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990-2004
This report documents the Netherlands' annual submission of the greenhouse gas emission inventory in accordance with the United Nation's Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the…
Integrated modelling of global environmental change. An overview of IMAGE 2.4
New IMAGE model integrates global change for sustainability.There is an increasing recognition in science for policy making that problems of human development and the state of the natural environment…
Scientific assessment of solar induced climate change
In order to assess the understanding of the solar terrestrial relation, an assessment was made of the knowledge of the solar dynamo, the proxy records as well as on the understanding of the possible…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
