A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018
Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be traced to five economic sectors: energy, industry, buildings, transport and AFOLU (agriculture, forestry and other land uses). In this topical review, we…
Urbanisation as driver of food system transformation and opportunities for rural livelihoods
Urbanisation is altering food systems, in particular in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These changes can affect rural livelihoods in positive and negative ways. In this article, the authors…
A multi-data assessment of land use and land cover emissions from Brazil during 2000-2019
Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and land cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%–29% of the global total. There is, however, a lack of…
Energy system developments and investments in the decisive decade for the Paris Agreement goals
The Paris Agreement does not only stipulate to limit the global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C, it also calls for 'making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low…
Climate change measures and sustainable development goals
Many measures to mitigate climate change (SDG 13) have an impact on achieving other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), often positive, but sometimes negative. This study shows how twenty promising…
Evaluation of EIB Cohesion financing (2007 to 2018)
The EU treaties entrust the European Investment Bank (EIB) with supporting the reduction of regional disparities in the Union, notably by financing projects in less-developed EU regions. The…
Identifying regional drivers of future land-based biodiversity footprints
Biodiversity footprints quantify the impacts on ecosystems caused by final consumption in a region, accounting for imports and exports. Up to now, footprint analyses have typically been applied to…
Costs of avoiding net negative emissions under a carbon budget
The 2 °C and 1.5 °C temperature targets of the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as targets never to be exceeded, or as end-of-century targets. Recent literature proposes to move away from the latter…
The growing demand for food, water, and shelter change the way people use land and these changes have affected or even caused conflicts in several locations. However, conflicts do not erupt in…
Persistent inequality in economically optimal climate policies
Benefit-cost analyses of climate policies by integrated assessment models have generated conflicting assessments. Two critical issues affecting social welfare are regional heterogeneity and inequality…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
