Projecting long-term armed conflict risk: An underappreciated field of inquiry?
Interest in potential armed conflict risks following climate change impacts is increasing among scientists and policymakers. But until today, little research has been done on projecting the possible…
This publication is a background report to the IFAD Rural Development Report 2021 on Food System Transformations . The IFAD report is published in preparation of the UN Food System Summit, taking…
The WAVES partnership supports countries with implementing Natural Capital Accounting (NCA). At the request of the WAVES partnership, PBL has evaluated how NCA can support a ‘green’ recovery from the…
Allocating planetary boundaries to large economies: Distributional consequences of alternative perspectives on distributive fairness
The planetary boundaries (PBs) framework proposes global quantitative precautionary limits for human perturbation of nine critical Earth system processes. Together they define a global safe operating…
Land use related to human consumption patterns leads to significant loss of biodiversity. Here, the implications of using different indicators in the calculation of biodiversity footprints caused by…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
