A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018
Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be traced to five economic sectors: energy, industry, buildings, transport and AFOLU (agriculture, forestry and other land uses). In this topical review, we…
A multi-data assessment of land use and land cover emissions from Brazil during 2000-2019
Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and land cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%–29% of the global total. There is, however, a lack of…
Energy system developments and investments in the decisive decade for the Paris Agreement goals
The Paris Agreement does not only stipulate to limit the global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C, it also calls for 'making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low…
Climate change measures and sustainable development goals
Many measures to mitigate climate change (SDG 13) have an impact on achieving other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), often positive, but sometimes negative. This study shows how twenty promising…
Identifying regional drivers of future land-based biodiversity footprints
Biodiversity footprints quantify the impacts on ecosystems caused by final consumption in a region, accounting for imports and exports. Up to now, footprint analyses have typically been applied to…
Costs of avoiding net negative emissions under a carbon budget
The 2 °C and 1.5 °C temperature targets of the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as targets never to be exceeded, or as end-of-century targets. Recent literature proposes to move away from the latter…
Persistent inequality in economically optimal climate policies
Benefit-cost analyses of climate policies by integrated assessment models have generated conflicting assessments. Two critical issues affecting social welfare are regional heterogeneity and inequality…
A framework for national scenarios with varying emission reductions
National-level climate actions will be vital in achieving global temperature goals in the coming decades. Near-term (2025–2030) plans are laid out in Nationally Determined Contributions; the next step…
Greenhouse gas emission scenarios in nine key non-G20 countries: an assessment of progress toward 2030 climate targets
This study compares greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions projections in 2030 under current policies and those under 2030 mitigation targets for nine key non-G20 countries, that collectively account for…
Integrated assessment model diagnostics: key indicators and model evolution
Integrated assessment models (IAMs) form a prime tool in informing about climate mitigation strategies. Diagnostic indicators that allow comparison across these models can help describe and explain…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
