The roads ahead: Narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century
Long-term scenarios play an important role in research on global environmental change. The climate change research community is developing new scenarios integrating future changes in climate and…
The first Netherlands National Energy Outlook reveals that objectives for renewable energy and energy saving are not yet being met. The climate target for 2020, however, will be achieved. Employment…
Existing data and knowledge gaps about air-climate inter-linkages and way forwards for improvement
Over the past years progress has been made in understanding the linkage between air pollution with climate change. Using data available from current integrated assessment models and activities and…
Options for the road freight sector to meet long term climate targets
The road freight sector is responsible for about a quarter of CO2 emissions from road transport in the EU and for some 6% of total EU emissions. CO2 emissions are still rising, mainly due to…
The impacts of climate change include, but are not limited to, increased heat stress, land loss due to sea level rise, and changes in agricultural productivity. These impacts have consequences for the…
Impact of the choice of emission metric on greenhouse gas abatement and costs
This paper analyses the effect of different emission metrics and metric values on timing and costs of greenhouse gas mitigation in least-cost emission pathways aimed at a forcing level of 3.5 W m −2…
Global carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production increased in 2013 to the new record of 35.3 billion tonnes (Gt) CO 2, which is 0.7 Gt higher than last year’s record…
Long-term climate policy targets and implications for 2030
Countries, worldwide, have agreed that international efforts should be aimed at keeping the global mean temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve the 2 °C…
Unconventional Gas and the European Union (EU): Prospects and Challenges for Competitiveness
This paper analyses the likely impact of unconventional gas developments in the United States on EU competitiveness, in both the short and the long run. It reviews the recent literature and brings…
Disentangling the ranges: climate policy scenarios for China and India
Greenhouse gas emissions in China and India have been increasing rapidly over the last decade. Scenario studies can provide insight into expected future trends and the emission reduction potential in…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
