Exploring IMAGE model scenarios that keep greenhouse gas radiative forcing below 3 W/m2 in 2100
A high probability of limiting temperature increase to 2 °C requires a radiative forcing below 3 W/m², around the end of this century, according to current knowledge. This paper identifies conditions…
Dealing with surplus emissions in the climate negotiations after Copenhagen: What are the options for compromise?
Our analysis suggests that maximal revenues for surplus-holding countries arise by releasing only a limited amount of surplus credits to the market. The institutionalisation of this effect could be a…
Assessing an IPCC assessment. An analysis of statements on projected regional impacts in the 2007 report
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency has found no errors that would undermine the main conclusions in the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on possible…
Despite the continued economic crisis, global emissions of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, have remained constant in 2009, as strong increases in CO 2 emissions from fast-growing developing…
Managing the Low-Carbon Transition - From Model Results to Policies
The ultimate goal of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is “the stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent…
Low stabilization scenarios and implications for major world regions from an integrated assessment perspective
It is not possible to unambiguously translate the objective of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (i.e. to avoid dangerous anthropogenic climate change) into greenhouse gas (GHG)…
The Economics of Low Stabilization: Model Comparison of Mitigation Strategies and Costs
The objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is "stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous…
Research has shown that extensive use of bio-energy could be a crucial factor in achieving stabilization at low atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration levels. First, bio-energy may play a key role…
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Netherlands 1990 - 2008
This report contains trend analysis of emissions of greenhouse gases in the period 1990-2008, based on documentation of the methods, emission factors and data sources. In addition, an analysis of so…
Bioenergy revisited: key factors in global potentials of bioenergy
The growing use of bioenergy goes hand in hand with a heated public debate, in which conflicting claims are made regarding the amount of biomass that can be sustainably used for this purpose. This…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
