The picture of Africa’s increasing dependence on imports and large-scale agricultural expansion to keep up its food supply needs nuancing. Domestic production increase was the dominant factor for food…
From Planetary Boundaries to national fair shares of the global safe operating space — How can the scales be bridged?
The planetary boundaries’ concept proposes quantitative precautionary boundaries for nine critical earth-system processes, including climate and biodiversity. Crossing the boundaries could generate…
How could sustainable trade contribute to the conservation of natural capital? The effects of certifying tropical resource production on ecosystem services
PBL has conducted a study into the possibilities of improving the management of natural capital through sustainable trade chains, in the regions that produce soya, palm oil, cacao and wood. Certified…
Public private partnerships in development cooperation - Potential and pitfalls for inclusive green growth
Public–private partnerships have become increasingly popular in global and Dutch development cooperation. This study assesses the potential contribution of partnerships to Inclusive Green Growth…
Facility arrangements and the environmental performance of disposable and reusable cups
This paper integrates two complementary life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies aimed at advicing facility managers on the sustainable use of disposable or reusable cups. Study-1 compares three disposable…
The English translation of the ‘Balans van de Leefomgeving 2014’ (Assessment of the Human Environment 2014) is now available. It contains statistical information and analyses of recent developments in…
Sustainability of international Dutch supply chains: Progress, effects and perspectives
Imported natural resources and products, such as coffee, timber, palm oil, cacao, fish and soya, increasingly more often carry a sustainability label, based on the certification of production…
The Role of Standards in Eco-innovation: Lessons for Policymakers
This article aims to help policymakers identify how standards can contribute to the effective and cost-efficient development and deployment of eco-innovations (innovations that reduce environmental…
Costs and Benefits of Nitrogen for Europe and Implications for Mitigation
Cost-benefit analysis can be used to provide guidance for emerging policy priorities in reducing nitrogen (N) pollution. The results support the priority for further reduction in NH 3 and NO x…
The price of protein: Review of land use and carbon footprints from Life cycle assessments of animal food products and their substitutes
Sources of protein in our diet, such as meat, dairy products and seafood can have significant environmental impacts. There are however very large differences between products, both in land requirement…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
