Nitrogen leaching from natural ecosystems under global change: a modelling study
To study global nitrogen (N) leaching from natural ecosystems under changing N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO 2, we performed a factorial model experiment for the period 1901–2006 with the N…
Perspectives on the Future of Nature in Europe: Visualisation
During the development of the perspectives on European nature, for the Nature Outlook project, several visualisation techniques were combined: photographs, icons, thematic maps, artist impressions…
The Impact of International Cooperative Initiatives on Biodiversity
This scoping report looked into the potential impact of so-called ‘International Cooperative Initiatives on Biodiversity’ (ICIBs); initiatives of private, non-state actors independent of, or with…
New EU-scale environmental scenarios until 2050 – Scenario process and initial scenario applications
As part of the Openness project, new EU scenarios focusing on natural capital and ecosystem services were developed. These were applied at different regional socio-environmental conditions…
Exploring future changes in land use and land condition and the impacts on food, water, climate change and biodiversity: Scenarios for the UNCCD Global Land Outlook
The pressure on land is growing in many regions of the world, due to the increasing demand for arable crops, meat and dairy products, bio-energy and timber, and is exacerbated by land degradation and…
Perspectives on the future of nature in Europe: impacts and combinations
Halting biodiversity loss in the EU requires substantial policy action. The Nature Outlook study elaborates four perspectives on the future of nature, in search for new policy approaches. This…
How natural capital delivers ecosystem services: A typology derived from a systematic review
To help decision-makers understand the links between natural capital and ecosystem services (i.e. nature’s contribution to people) a simple typology was developed showing how attributes of natural…
Quantifying biodiversity footprints of Dutch economic sectors: A global supply-chain analysis
Economic sectors contribute to biodiversity loss through environmental pressures, such as land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, both directly via their production processes and indirectly via…
Perspectives on the future of nature in Europe: storylines and visualisations
The occurrence of many species in the EU is expected to decline further, making it difficult to achieve the 2050 policy vision. The Nature Outlook study elaborates four perspectives on the future of…
The relationship between nature and people is changing, which raises the question of how policies could respond. This book includes five essays, by internationally renowned philosophers, elaborating…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
