Global Assessment of acidification and eutrophication of natural ecosystems
In this study an assessment has been made of the present and possible future acidification and eutrophication of natural and semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems, and riverine nitrogen transport to…
Long-term perspectives on world metal use - a model-based approach
In this report, a system dynamics model is described, which simulates long-term trends in the production and consumption of metals (i.e. iron/steel and an aggregate of metals of medium abundance) in…
Applying Global Change Scenarios to assess Changes in Biodiversity
This report presents the results of applying IMAGE 2 to assess changes in biodiversity. The organisers of two separate workshops solicited for these applications. Pre-prints of the resulting papers…
International marine and aviation bunker fuel: trends, ranking of countries and comparison with national CO2 emission
This report summarises and characterises fuel consumption and associated CO 2 emissions from international transport based on energy statistics compiled by the International Energy Agency (IEA)…
Major Shifts in Societal Trends and Their Impact on Climate Change
The Dutch National Research Program (NRP) on global air pollution and climate change commissioned a study on major shifts in societal trends that are relevant for the climate problem. The main…
The Brazilian Proposal and other Options for International Burden Sharing: an evaluation of methodological and policy aspects using the FAIR model
During the negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol, Brazil proposed a methodology to base Annex I (industrialised) country contributions to emission reductions on their responsibilities for the global mean…
The ecological footprint of Benin, Bhutan, Costa Rica and the Netherlands
The Ecological Footprint (EF) has recieved much attention as a potential indicator for sustainable development over the last years. In this report, the EF concept has been applied to four different…
MARKAL-IO Linking an input-output model with MARKAL
This report deals with E3-models to study the relationship between energy, economy and the environment. Since energy policies to reduce CO 2 emissions can have major economic impacts, it is important…
Municipal climate change policies: A case study for Amsterdam
This report provides insight to the local policy options with respect to climate change, in this case within the sphere of influence of Amsterdam local authorities.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency