The scope for better industry representation in long-term energy models: Modeling the cement industry
Although the cement industry emits around 6% of global CO2 emissions, most global Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) barely represent this industrial subsector or do not cover all important processes…
Drivers of declining CO2 emissions in 18 developed economies
Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from fossil fuels and industry increased by 2.2% per year on average between 2005 and 2015. Global emissions need to peak and decline rapidly to limit climate…
This study examines where the Brexit’s initial effects would be the greatest for the competitiveness of sectors in the Netherlands. We look at the effects per sector and region. We describe the cost…
In the Netherlands, about three quarters of the population live in urban areas and almost 80% of the jobs can be found there. In 2015, the Dutch Government launched its Agenda Stad, a national urban…
Cities are expected to play a key role in delivering the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, green and inclusive growth. Therefore, the European Commission, EU Member States and European cities are…
The impact of farm size on agricultural sustainability
Farm size plays a critical role in agricultural sustainability. This may have far-reaching consequences for the economic and environmental performance of agricultural production, resulting, for…
Implications of various effort-sharing approaches for national carbon budgets and emission pathways
The bottom-up approach of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in the Paris Agreement has led countries to self-determine their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The planned…
The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate requested PBL to conduct an update on SDE+ base amounts and grid connection costs of offshore wind energy in the Netherlands, based on current market…
Future global pig production systems according to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Global pork production has increased fourfold over the last 50 years and is expected to continue growing during the next three decades. This may have considerable implications for feed use, land…
Energy Transition Implications for Demand and Supply of Power System Flexibility: A Case Study of the Netherlands Within an EU Electricity Market and Trading Context
The Netherlands is aiming for a more sustainable, low-carbon energy system. For the power system, this energy transition implies (1) a larger share of electricity from variable renewable energy (VRE)…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
