Emission allowances and mitigation costs of China and India resulting from different effort-sharing approaches
To meet ambitious global climate targets, mitigation effort in China and India is necessary. This paper presents an analysis of the scientific literature on how effort-sharing approaches affect…
Cobenefits of climate and air pollution regulations
In 2011, the European Commission published its roadmap towards a competitive low-carbon economy for 2050. For this roadmap the possibilities of a far-reaching reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in…
The IMAGE Model Suite used for the OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050
In the Environmental Outlook to 2050 from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) a number of scenarios and projection are used which are calculated with the IMAGE model…
Global travel within the 2 degree Celsius climate target
Long-term scenarios generally project a steep increase in global travel demand, leading to an rapid rise in CO 2 emissions. Major driving forces are the increasing car use in developing countries and…
Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods
The study of weather extremes and their impacts, such as weather-related disasters, plays an important role in research of climate change. When scanning peer-reviewed literature on weather extremes…
PBL Note Sustainability of biomass in a bio-based economy
The conversion of the present European economy based on fossil fuels into a more bio-based economy will probably be restricted to about 10 per cent of final energy and feedstock consumption in 2030…
Harvesting Transition? Energy Policy Cooperation or Competition around the North Sea
The Northwest European electricity markets are increasingly becoming intertwined with the advance of the internal market. This implies that national fuel mix policies increasingly have cross-national…
Model-based scenarios for rural electrification in developing countries
Promoting access to modern energy forms in developing countries to replace traditional fuels is high on the political agenda. This paper describes the development and application of a global model for…
Environmentally harmful subsidies are subsidies or tax exemptions that have an unintended negative effect on nature and the environment. If the Netherlands were to focus on abolishing these…
National GHG emissions reduction pledges and 2°C: comparison of studies
This article provides further detail on expected global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels in 2020, based on the Emissions Gap Report (United Nations Environment Programme, December 2010), assuming…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
