Indebted to nature. Exploring biodiversity risks for the Dutch financial sector
Biodiversity loss has a certain impact on the economy and, therefore, also on the financial sector. This motivated DNB, the Dutch central bank, and PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency to…
Accounting for environmental damage by material production and use
The environmental damage related to the production and use of materials is one of the main motives behind the wide interest in the transition to a circular economy. This study investigates the…
Global scale benefit-cost analysis of coastal flood adaptation to different flood risk drivers using structural measures
Coastal flood hazard and exposure are expected to increase over the course of the 21st century, leading to increased coastal flood risk. In order to limit the increase in future risk, or even reduce…
This paper in the Spring 2020 ifo DICE Report on carbon pricing discusses lessons that other regions could learn from European Union’s effort to implement carbon pricing through EU Emission Trading…
The wicked problem the Water Framework Directive cannot solve
Nutrients (nitrates, phosphates) from agricultural sources remain a ‘wicked problem’ in realizing the aims of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), partly because the directive has to rely on…
Stakeholder-designed scenarios for global food security assessments
To guide policymaking, decision makers require a good understanding of the long-term drivers of food security and their interactions. Scenario analysis is widely considered as the appropriate tool to…
The global food system is a major energy user and a relevant contributor to climate change. To date, the literature on the energy profile of food systems addresses individual countries and/or food…
Comparing the impact of future cropland expansion on global biodiversity and carbon storage across models and scenarios
Land-use change is a direct driver of biodiversity and carbon storage loss. Projections of future land use often include notable expansion of cropland areas in response to changes in climate and food…
Assessment of biodiversity measurement approaches for business and financial institutions
Measurement of biodiversity performance by businesses and financial institutions is rapidly gaining attention. In parallel, there is a growing demand for more transparency in business performance with…
Planetary security: in search of drivers of violence and conflict
The potential links between climate change, environmental change, migration and conflict have received growing attention from scientists, media and global institutions over the last decade. This…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
