Developing multi-scale and integrative nature-people scenarios using the Nature Futures Framework

To address this gap, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) expert group on scenarios and models undertook work to co- create desirable scenarios of nature that not only reflect the diversity of values that humans have for nature, but are also applicable in different contexts. In this paper, we describe the research process of developing the Nature Futures Framework (NFF) (see figure) and how it is the starting point for a longer-term process to co-create a new set of desirable nature-centred scenarios.

The Nature Futures Framework

The NFF is a triangle space with each of the corners representing one of the following value perspectives on nature:

• Nature for Nature, in which nature has value in and of itself;
• Nature for Society, in which nature is primarily valued for the benefits or uses people derive from it;
• Nature as Culture, in which humans are perceived as an integral part of nature.

The aim of the NNF is to provide a simple way to illustrate a complex mixture of values for appreciating nature. It is an actionable framework for opening up more perspectives in the creation of nature scenarios whilst ensuring consistency for models and other research. As we navigate the next chapter in global biodiversity governance, the NFF makes a unique contribution towards improving the science-policy interface.