The cost and effectiveness of climate policy in Europe depend on the international post-2012 climate regime. This report analyzes four alternative policy scenarios. The analysis shows that only if all…
Cross-roads of Life on Earth: Exploring means to meet the 2010 Biodiversity Target
The continuing economic and demographic growth, and the accompanying increase in food production, forestry, intensification of agriculture, fragmentation and climate change are causing the continuing…
Economic and ecological consequences of four European land use scenarios
The global context is important for future European land use, especially in futures where environmental policies are ignored. Environmental and trade agreements must be sufficiently integrated or…
Predicting the effect of climate change on temperate shallow lakes with the ecosystem model PCLake
Shallow lakes shift from a clear to a turbid state when a critical nutrient loading is exceed. Calculations with PCLake predict that climate change will likely lead to decreased critical nutrient…
Biogeophysical effects of land use on climate: model simulations of radiative forcing and large-scale temperature change
Changes in land cover affect climate through the surface energy and moisture budgets. Here we assess the importance of these biogeophysical effects for present-day climate, and quantify the radiative…
Improving the spatial coherence of nature areas using genetic algorithms
The National Ecological Network in the Netherlands will provide a network of high-quality nature areas to improve its spatial coherence. To realize this goal in the period 1990-2018 over 1,500 square…
A hybrid Kalman filter algorithm for large-scale atmospheric chemistry data assimilation
Data assimilation is a method to combine the information from model calculations with observations to obtain an estimate of the state of a system, in this case the atmosphere. A Kalman filter is used…
The potential role of hydrogen in energy systems with and without climate policy
Introduction of hydrogen in global energy system can lead to lower CO 2 emissions (high end-use efficiency; low-carbon production of hydrogen) but might also increase CO 2 emissions (producing…
Renewable energy sources: their global potential for the first-half of the 21st century at a global level: an integrated approach
Decision-makers, societal groups and scientists have at various moments in time expressed their interest in renewable energy sources such as power from wind, sun and biomass-derived fuels. Recently…
In this study, we focus on bacterial reduction of N 2 O to N 2 and discuss the likeliness of N 2 O uptake in different systems, including soils and aquatic systems. Our results indicate that soils are…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
