Forms and subannual variability of nitrogen and phosphorus loading to global river networks over the 20th century
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading of global aquatic ecosystems has doubled during the 20th century and at the same time has the nutrient composition been disturbed by increasing proportions of…
Limited emission reductions from fuel subsidy removal except in energy-exporting regions
Hopes are high that removing fossil fuel subsidies could help to mitigate climate change by discouraging inefficient energy consumption and levelling the playing field for renewable energy. In…
Signal detection in global mean temperatures after Paris: an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis
Since large financial flows will be needed to keep GMSTs (global mean surface temperatures) below 2.0 °C, it is important to know how GMST has progressed since pre-industrial times. We performed an…
The role of individual characteristics in car ownership shortly after relationship dissolution
The end of a relationship is a life event that often coincides with many other changes in life, such as a decline in income level or household size or a change of residence. This study aims to provide…
National contributions to climate change mitigation from agriculture: allocating a global target
Globally, agriculture and related land use change contributed about 17% of the world’s anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2010 (8.4 GtCO 2 e yr −1 ), making GHG mitigation in the agriculture sector…
Unpacking the nexus: Different spatial scales for water, food and energy
Recent years have shown increased awareness that the use of the basic resources water, food, and energy are highly interconnected (referred to as a ‘nexus’). Spatial scales are an important but…
Exploring SSP land-use dynamics using the IMAGE model: Regional and gridded scenarios of land-use change and land-based climate change mitigation
Projected increases in population, income and consumption rates are expected to lead to rising pressure on the land system. Ambitions to limit global warming to 2 °C or even 1.5 °C could also lead to…
Trade-offs and synergies between universal electricity access and climate change mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Access to electricity services is fundamental to development, as it enables improvements to the quality of human life. At the same time, increasing electricity access can have notable consequences for…
Understanding the social geographies of urban regions
Economic restructuring and changing demographic and migration patterns have significantly altered the composition of the population in urban regions. Although there is evidence of employees in various…
Renewable energy generation and energy saving are increasing, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are decreasing. However, various targets for energy and climate for 2020, will not be…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
