Consumer city or production city? Market areas and density effects in the Netherlands
Using detailed Dutch grid-cell data, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and VU University Amsterdam investigated the elasticity between population and different kinds of amenities in the…
Summary of the second Netherlands Research Program on Particulate Matter (BOP II)
High levels of particulate matter (PM 10 ) in the air are associated with adverse health effects. In order to take effective policy measures, it is of importance to have a sound knowledge about the…
Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands, 1990–2011: National Inventory Report 2013
Total greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands decreased in 2011 by 7%, compared to the emission level in 2010. This decrease was mainly the result of a drop in fuel combustion in the energy sector…
Germany, Denmark and the United Kingdom: lessons to be learnt for the Netherlands?
This report synthesises the outcomes of the seminar on the Energy Transitions in North-western Europe. The aim of the seminar was to feed lessons learnt from Germany, Denmark and the United Kingdom…
A framework for global river flood risk assessments
Each year, the world is startled by floods occurring somewhere on the planet. Of all natural disasters floods affect the most people, in one way or another. Floods cause major damage. Well-known…
European scenarios for exposure of soil organisms to pesticides
Standardised exposure scenarios play an important role in European pesticide authorisation procedures (each scenario is a combination of climate, weather and crop data to be used in exposure models)…
EU policy options for climate and energy beyond 2020
The EU has set itself the ambition of an 80% reduction of greenhouse gases by 2050. Such a drastic reduction requires a much more vigorous renewal of the energy system. Setting a target for emission…
The functioning of the European Union (EU) emission trading system (ETS) is under debate. Although the ETS guarantees emission reductions by 2020, the current low prices fuel doubts about whether it…
Hindcasts and Future Projections of Global Inland and Coastal Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loads Due to Finfish Aquaculture
A global model is used to calculate feed and nutrient budgets for freshwater and marine omnivorous and carnivorous aquacultural finfish production. The model uses national production data for the…
Adaptation to extreme weather: identifying different societal perspectives in the Netherlands
The intensity and occurrence of extreme weather events are expected to change with climate change. This change necessitates adaptive responses to extreme events, which need to take into account…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
