Three paradigmatic traditions of scenario-building can be seen to exist. The model approach with its roots in American military scenarios of the 1950s, the design approach in French urban and regional…
The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human-induced global land-use change over the past 12,000 years
This paper presents a tool for long term global change studies; it is an update of the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) with estimates of some of the underlying demographic and…
Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000
The aim was to map and characterize anthropogenic transformation of the terrestrial biosphere before and during the Industrial Revolution, from 1700 to 2000.
Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches
A large number and wide variety of lake ecosystem models have been developed and published during the past four decades. We identify two challenges for making further progress in this field. One such…
Options to accelerate ozone recovery: ozone and climate benefits
Hypothetical reductions in future emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and N 2 O are evaluated in terms of effects on equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), globally-averaged…
Prospects for Mainstreaming Ecosystem Goods and Services in International Policies
This study shows how local delivery of ecosystem goods and services (EGS) is closely linked to international policies on development cooperation, trade, climate change and reform of international…
Phosphorus demand for the 1970–2100 period: A scenario analysis of resource depletion
The phosphorus (P) cycle has been significantly altered by human activities. For this paper, we explored the sustainability of current P flows in terms of resource depletion and the ultimate fate of…
Workshop measurements and modelling of PM2.5 in Europe Overview and Proceedings
The report gives an overview and proceedings of the 2009 workshop on PM 2.5 organized by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) in cooperation with TNO. The aim of this workshop was…
Exploring IMAGE model scenarios that keep greenhouse gas radiative forcing below 3 W/m2 in 2100
A high probability of limiting temperature increase to 2 °C requires a radiative forcing below 3 W/m², around the end of this century, according to current knowledge. This paper identifies conditions…
Global Nutrient Export from WaterSheds 2 (NEWS 2): Model development and implementation
NEWS 2 can be used as an effective tool to examine the impact of polices to reduce coastal eutrophication at regional to global scales. Continued enhancements will focus on the incorporation of other…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
