Evaluating the macroeconomic impacts of bio-based applications in the EU
In 2012, the European Commission launched the Bioeconomy Strategy and Action Plan with the objective of establishing a resource-efficient and competitive society that reconciles food security with the…
Sustainability of international Dutch supply chains: Progress, effects and perspectives
Imported natural resources and products, such as coffee, timber, palm oil, cacao, fish and soya, increasingly more often carry a sustainability label, based on the certification of production…
How sectors can contribute to sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity
Developments in sectors such as agriculture, wood production, water management and fisheries largely shape the world’s current and future biodiversity, as they exert direct pressures on biodiversity…
Competing uses of biomass for energy and chemicals: Implications for long-term global CO2 mitigation potential
Biomass is considered a low carbon source for various energy or chemical options. This paper assesses it′s different possible uses, the competition between these uses, and the implications for long…
Land management implications for ecosystem services in a South African rangeland
In South Africa, restoration and sustainable management of historically overgrazed and degraded range-lands are promoted to increase biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. This study evaluates…
Persistent growth of CO2 emissions and implications for reaching climate targets
Efforts to limit climate change below a given temperature level require that global emissions of CO 2 cumulated over time remain below a limited quota. This quota varies depending on the temperature…
Any limit on future global warming is associated with a quota on cumulative global CO 2 emissions. We translate this global carbon quota to regional and national scales, on a spectrum of sharing…
The Global Carbon Project (GCP) was established in 2001 in recognition of the large scientific challenges and critical nature of the carbon cycle for Earth's sustainability. The scientific goal of the…
Air pollution policy in Europe: Quantifying the interaction with greenhouse gases and climate change policies
This paper uses the computable general equilibrium model WorldScan to analyse interactions between EU's air pollution and climate change policies. Covering the entire world and seven EU countries…
REDD credits in a global carbon market: Options and impacts
A number of issues have to be addressed if reducing emissions from deforestation (REDD) credits are to be included in a future global carbon market. This report focuses on a subset of these: the…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
