Why Danish pig farms have far more land and pigs than Dutch farms? Implications for feed supply, manure recycling and production costs
An average Danish pig farm has 3500 pigs, 170 ha of agricultural land, whereas a typical Dutch pig farm has 2500 pigs with only 10 ha. The main factors for the contrasting development are a stronger…
Negative global phosphorus budgets challenge sustainable intensification of grasslands
Except for grassland soils in some northwestern European countries, grassland soils in most of the world have been exhausted over recent decades, particularly by exporting more phosphorus that is…
How climate metrics affect global mitigation strategies and costs: a multi-model study
In climate policy, substitutions metrics are used to determine exchange ratios for different greenhouse gases as part of a multi-gas strategy. The suitability of the metric depends on the policy goals…
Nitrogen on the table: the influence of food choices on nitrogen emissions and the European environment
Current European diets are characterised by a high intake of meat, dairy products and eggs, leading to an intake of saturated fat and red meat that exceeds health recommendations. Livestock production…
This study, commissioned by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), offers an assessment of the effect of bioenergy on greenhouse gas emissions. It combines estimates of supply-chain…
Joint Actions for Air Quality and Climate Mitigation in Europe
Combined action for air and climate can be undertaken by (i) targeting atmospheric compounds that happen to have detrimental impacts on health, ecosystem and climate at the same time (short lived…
Dutch energy supply is at a tipping point. The share of renewable energy is expected to grow at an accelerated pace, up to 2023; in part due to the efforts of those involved in the Energy Agreement…
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global…
Raising the ambition level of INDCs allows for a smoother energy transition
This note presents preliminary calculations on the implications of the INDCs for the long-term international climate goal of keeping global temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial…
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion Part III: Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions; 2015 Edition
To show the changes in energy-related CO 2 emission in response to economic and policy developments, the annual reference publication “CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion” by the International Energy…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
