The protein puzzle: the consumption and production of meat, dairy and fish in the European Union
Average consumption of meat, dairy and fish has increased strongly over the last fifty years in the European Union. Today’s consumption is twice the world average. Current preferences of European…
Global Monitoring Report 2011: Improving the Odds of Achieving the MDGs
Based on their recent studies on the relation between environment and human development, the PBL has contributed to the World Bank’s Global Monitoring Report 2011: Improving the Odds of Achieving the…
Emission scenarios for a global hydrogen economy and the consequences for global air pollution
Hydrogen is named as possible energy carrier for future energy systems. However, the impact of large-scale hydrogen use on the atmosphere is uncertain. Application of hydrogen in clean fuel cells…
Intentions to Move and Actual Moving Behaviour in The Netherlands
This study examines how anticipated triggers for moving and individual, household and regional characteristics hamper or stimulate actual moving behaviour of people who intend to move. It uses a…
Nitrogen pollution costs the European Union between €70 billion and €320 billion per year. This cost is more than double the value that nitrogen fertilizers are estimated to add to European farm…
Modelling the impact of sea-salt particles on the exceedances of daily PM10 air quality standards in the Netherlands
Particles generated at the sea surface contribute to PM 10 levels in coastal areas. Current estimates suggest annual average contributions of up to 10 µg/m³ along the North Sea coast in the…
For the last five years, scientists across Europe have chronicled the little-known nitrogen dilemma and the threats it poses to our environment and health – as well as how we can solve the problem.
Do new and uncertain risks threaten human health? Because science is unable to sufficiently answer this question, risk and safety policies confront limits, exemplified by climate change and adaptation…
Plan-led planning systems in development-led practices
Planning laws are usually made with good intentions, but do not always lead to good results, at least not when measured against their own goals. Since July 2008 the Netherlands has had a new planning…
Strong decrease in labour force expected for large parts of Europe
Under unfavourable demographic and economic circumstances, the European labour force is expected to decrease by 20% up to 2050. This causes an increase in pressure on the working population to provide…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
