Co-benefits and trade-offs of between greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions for measures reducing ammonia emissions and implications for costing
This book chapter shows there are both synergies and counter effects related to climate and nitrogen policy. The synergies concern nitrogen efficiency improvements in animal and plant production…
Possible energy futures for Brazil and Latin America in conservative and stringent mitigation pathways up to 2050
Latin America has a unique position to address climate change impacts due to its many mitigation opportunities and its growing economy. This paper applied two global and one regional integrated…
European policy responses to climate change: progress on mainstreaming emissions reduction and adaptation
Climate policy ‘mainstreaming’, ‘proofing’ and ‘integration’ are concepts that frequently appear in a range of EU policy discussions, most importantly in EU energy and climate policy. They reflect the…
GLOBIO-Aquatic, a global model of human impact on the biodiversity of inland aquatic ecosystems
Biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems is undergoing rapid global decline. Major drivers are land use change, eutrophication, hydrological disturbance, climate change, overexploitation and invasive…
Enhancing mitigation ambitions in the major emitting countries: analysis of current and potential climate policies
This study provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas emissions in seven major emitting countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, and the United States) up to 2030, resulting…
Enhanced policy scenarios for major emitting countries
This study provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas emissions of 13 major emitting countries up to 2030, taking into account the emission trajectories based on current and planned policies…
The implications of carbon dioxide and methane exchange for the heavy mitigation RCP2.6 scenario under two metrics
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with Representative Concentration Pathway RCP2.6 could limit global warming to around or below a 2 °C increase since pre-industrial times. However this scenario…
Learning by doing - government participation in an energetic society
The essay ‘Learning by doing’ is a follow-up of ‘The Energetic Society’, a report published in 2011 by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The essay raised the following question among…
Pathways to achieve a set of ambitious global sustainability objectives by 2050: Explorations using the IMAGE integrated assessment model
In 2012, governments worldwide renewed their commitments to a more sustainable development that would eradicate poverty, halt climate change and conserve ecosystems, and initiated a process to create…
Costs and benefits of differences in the timing of greenhouse gas emission reductions
Most modelling studies that explore long-term greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios focus on cost-efficient emission pathways towards a certain climate target, like the internationally agreed target to…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
