Carbon pricing in the EU: Evaluation of different EU ETS reform options
In 2016, the price of emission allowances under the EU Emissions Trading System was about 5 euro per ton CO 2 , which is much lower than previously expected. Introducing a price component to the ETS…
Decomposing passenger transport futures: Comparing results of global integrated assessment models
The transport sector is growing fast in terms of energy use and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are used widely to analyze energy system transitions over a…
Future aerosol emissions: a multi-model comparison
This paper compares projections over the twenty-first century of SO 2 , BC, and OC emissions from three technologically detailed, long-term integrated assessment models. The character of the…
Demand for biodiversity protection and carbon storage as drivers of global land change scenarios
Many global land change scenarios are driven by demand for food, feed, fiber, and fuel. However, novel demands for other ecosystem services give rise to nexus issues and can lead to different land…
Pragmatic governance in a changing landscape. Exploring the potential of embedded pragmatism for addressing global biodiversity conservation
The changing societal landscape has become a breeding ground for non-state actors as ‘new agents of change’ who contribute to dealing with global issues, such as biodiversity conservation and climate…
Low-carbon energy scenarios in north-west European countries
For the purpose of the Energy Union, European Member States are obliged to compose a long-term strategy for energy and climate policy that covers the period from 2021 to 2030 and includes a…
Involvement of EU actors in international climate initiatives
An assessment of a selection of initiatives based on the Non-state Actor Zone for Climate Action portal (NAZCA) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Climate Initiatives Platform shows that…
Dispersal based climate change sensitivity scores for European species
Assessments of climate change impacts on species are needed for anticipating potential biodiversity losses. Climate change impacts on species are often simulated with climate envelope models, but most…
From Planetary Boundaries to national fair shares of the global safe operating space — How can the scales be bridged?
The planetary boundaries’ concept proposes quantitative precautionary boundaries for nine critical earth-system processes, including climate and biodiversity. Crossing the boundaries could generate…
Future air pollution in the Shared Socio-economic Pathways
Emissions of air pollutants such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides and particulates have significant health impacts as well as effects on natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. These same emissions also…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
