The impact of technology availability on the timing and costs of emission reductions for achieving long-term climate targets
While most long-term mitigation scenario studies build on a broad portfolio of mitigation technologies, there is quite some uncertainty about the availability and reduction potential of these…
A new scenario framework for climate change research: the concept of shared socioeconomic pathways
The new scenario framework for climate change research envisions combining pathways of future radiative forcing and their associated climate changes with alternative pathways of socioeconomic…
The provision of public goods by agriculture: Critical questions for effective and efficient policy making
Agriculture produces both marketable and public goods, such as landscape and farmland biodiversity. The provision of these public goods is often under pressure as a result of various developments…
This special issue of Biogeosciences reports the detail of the scientific findings discussed at the international science conference Nitrogen and Global Change, held in Edinburgh on from 11–15 April…
The European Commission has launched a discussion with its Green Paper on climate and energy policies. PBL has analysed the effects of various assumptions on Member States' emission targets for 2030…
Changing track, changing tack; Dutch ideas for a robust environmental policy for the 21st century
The positive effects of environmental policy in the past do not guarantee adequate results for the future. Present and future environmental challenges require new approaches, primarily because the old…
The rural-urban fringe in the Netherlands: recent developments and future challenges
In recent decades, most rural-urban fringes in the Netherlands have seen substantial urbanisation. Urban expansions at the rural-urban fringe have formed complex hybrid landscapes consisting of…
A new scenario framework for climate change research: background, process, and future directions
The scientific community is developing new global, regional, and sectoral scenarios to facilitate interdisciplinary research and assessment to explore the range of possible future climates and related…
Global land–ocean linkage: direct inputs of nitrogen to coastal waters via submarine groundwater discharge
The role of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), the leakage of groundwater from aquifers into coastal waters, in coastal eutrophication has been demonstrated mostly for the North American and…
Towards an Integrated Framework for SDGs: Ultimate and Enabling Goals for the Case of Energy
Discussions on how to define, design, and implement sustainable development goals (SDG) have taken center stage in the United Nations since the Rio+20 summit. Energy is one of the issues that enjoyed…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
