Sharing the reduction effort to limit global warming to 2 degree C
In order to stabilise long-term greenhouse gas concentrations at 450 ppm CO 2 eq or less, developed countries as a group should reduce emissions by 25 to 40% below 1990 levels, by 2020, while…
Sharing developed countries’ post-2012 greenhouse gas emission reductions based on comparable efforts
The Bali Action Plan as adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2007, states that Annex I (developed) countries should reduce their greenhouse gas emissions…
Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and riverine DIN exports from the Changjiang River basin
Our result indicates that anthropogenically enhanced N inputs dominate and will continue to dominate river DIN yields under changing human pressures in the basin. Therefore, nitrogen pollution is and…
N:P:Si nutrient export ratios and ecological consequences in coastal seas evaluated by the ICEP approach
Calculated Indicator for Coastal Eutrophication Potential (ICEP) for the year 2050 based on Global NEWS data for the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios show increasing values particularly…
Downscaling socioeconomic and emissions scenarios for global environmental change research: a review
Global change research encompasses various scales from global to local. Impacts analysis in particular often requires spatial downscaling, whereby socioeconomic and emission variables specified at…
A meta-level analysis of major trends in environmental health risk governance
Internationally but also within countries, large differences exist regarding how environmental health risks (EHRs) are governed. Despite these differences, at a meta-level some general trends can be…
Spatial- and time-explicit human damage modeling of ozone depleting substances in life cycle impact assessment
Ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are recalcitrant chemicals that contain chlorine and/or bromine atoms. They are a source of Cl and Br in the stratosphere due to their long atmospheric lifetime. Once…
Postponing emission reductions from 2020 to 2030 increases climate risks and long-term costs
Substantially postponing the emission reductions, compared to the ranges indicated in IPCC’s recent assessment for 2020 as required for meeting the longterm 2°C target, increases the risk of exceeding…
Indirect effects of biofuels: intensification of agricultural production
Agricultural intensification has the potential to reduce indirect land-use change from biofuels. If such intensification is realised only by applying more fertiliser, this may lead to substantial…
The contribution of by-products to the sustainability of biofuels
The cultivation of energy crops on arable land may lead to the displacement of food crops and to indirect land-use change (ILUC) with biodiversity loss and extra greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
