Contribution of the G20 economies to the global impact of the Paris agreement climate proposals
By 15 December 2015, 187 countries had submitted their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) summarising their climate actions after 2020 in the context of the Paris Agreement. We used…
Lock-in of mature innovation systems, The transformation toward clean concrete in the Netherlands
Energy-intensive processing industries like the concrete industry form the base of the economy and account for a large part of greenhouse gas emissions. Sectoral transformation to cleaner basic…
Exploring synergies between climate and air quality policies using long-term global and regional emission scenarios
In this paper, we present ten scenarios developed using the IMAGE framework (Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment) to explore how different assumptions on future climate and air pollution…
Long-term model-based projections of energy use and CO2 emissions from the global steel and cement industries
This paper presents a global simulation-model for the steel and cement industries. The model covers the full modelling chain from economic activity, to materials consumption, trade, technology choice…
The EU 40 % greenhouse gas emission reduction target by 2030 in perspective
We assess the fairness and ambition level of the EU’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of reducing domestic greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 % relative to 1990.
Drivers and patterns of land biosphere carbon balance reversal
The carbon balance of the land biosphere is the result of complex interactions between land, atmosphere and oceans, including climatic change, carbon dioxide fertilization and land-use change. While…
Saving energy is not easy: An impact assessment of Dutch policy to reduce the energy requirements of buildings
The Dutch Government stimulates the application of energy efficiency measures to reduce the energy requirements of buildings, which are responsible for about 20% of the Dutch CO 2 emissions. For our…
Sustainable Development Goals in the Netherlands - Building blocks for Environmental policy for 2030
In September 2015, 193 countries agreed on a set of ambitious and aspirational global goals and targets for sustainable development; the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are also about…
Differences between carbon budget estimates unravelled
Several methods exist to estimate the cumulative carbon emissions that would keep global warming to below a given temperature limit. Here we review estimates reported by the IPCC and the recent…
This study, commissioned by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), offers an assessment of the effect of bioenergy on greenhouse gas emissions. It combines estimates of supply-chain…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
