Projecting long-term armed conflict risk: An underappreciated field of inquiry?
Interest in potential armed conflict risks following climate change impacts is increasing among scientists and policymakers. But until today, little research has been done on projecting the possible…
Global implications of crop-based bioenergy with carbon capture and storage for terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) based on purpose-grown lignocellulosic crops can provide negative CO 2 emissions to mitigate climate change, but its land requirements present a…
Phosphorus for Sustainable Development Goal target of doubling smallholder productivity
The supply of phosphorous is crucial to food security. Future phosphorous management will therefore play an important role in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2, zero hunger). However, in…
Accountability of commitments by non-state actors in the CBD post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), which is expected to be agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in April 2022, calls for a credible ‘whole of society’ approach if…
Potential effects of Dutch circular economy strategies on low- and middle-income countries: Cotton production and post-consumer textiles
The Netherlands has the ambition to achieve a fully circular economy by 2050. At the request of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, we explore what such a transition could mean for low- and middle…
What drives the ecological quality of surface waters? A review of 11 predictive modeling tools
What policy is needed to ensure that good-quality water is available for both people’s needs and the environ-ment? The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), which came into force in 2000, established a…
A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019
To track progress towards keeping global warming well below 2 ∘ C or even 1.5 ∘ C, as agreed in the Paris Agreement, comprehensive up-to-date and reliable information on anthropogenic emissions and…
Global roll-out of comprehensive policy measures may aid in bridging emissions gap
Closing the emissions gap between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the global emissions levels needed to achieve the Paris Agreement’s climate goals will require a comprehensive package…
Abating ammonia is more cost-effective than nitrogen oxides for global mitigation of particulate matter air pollution
Worldwide, more than 4 million people die prematurely every year due to ambient air pollution. This is more than from malnutrition or overweight. Particulate matter (PM2.5, particles smaller than 2.5…
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): What Will it Look Like in the Future?
China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), labelled as the world's largest infrastructure program, has so far directed investments mainly to energy and transportation networks in Asia, the Middle East…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
