Pathways for agriculture and forestry to contribute to terrestrial biodiversity conservation: a global scenario-study
While there has been an increase in the societal responses to biodiversity loss, in most cases this will not be sufficient to achieve the biodiversity targets by 2020, let alone to realise the long…
Cities are economically segregated to various degrees. Segregation translates into greater homogeneity of neighborhoods: the rich and the poor usually occupy separate parts of the city. In response…
Scenarios for Demand Growth of Metals in Electricity Generation Technologies, Cars, and Electronic Appliances
This study provides scenarios toward 2050 for the demand of five metals in electricity production, cars, and electronic appliances. The metals considered are copper, tantalum, neodymium, cobalt, and…
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the global carbon budget – is important to…
The continental divide? Economic exposure to Brexit in regions and countries on both sides of The Channel
In this article we demonstrate that 10-17% of regional GDP in the UK regions is exposed to a Brexit. This is far more than regions in other countries. Only regions in the Republic of Ireland face…
Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5 °C
The 2015 Paris Agreement calls for countries to pursue efforts to limit global-mean temperature rise to 1.5 °C. The transition pathways that can meet such a target have not, however, been extensively…
Relative price increase for nature and ecosystem services
In 2015, the Dutch working group on discount rates recommended using the standard discount rate in cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) of nature, while taking into account annual relative price increases of…
Biogeophysical Impacts of Land‐Use Change on Climate Extremes in Low‐Emission Scenarios: Results From HAPPI‐Land
The impacts of land use have been shown to have considerable influence on regional climate. With the recent international commitment to limit global warming to well below 2°C, emission reductions need…
Forms and subannual variability of nitrogen and phosphorus loading to global river networks over the 20th century
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading of global aquatic ecosystems has doubled during the 20th century and at the same time has the nutrient composition been disturbed by increasing proportions of…
Limited emission reductions from fuel subsidy removal except in energy-exporting regions
Hopes are high that removing fossil fuel subsidies could help to mitigate climate change by discouraging inefficient energy consumption and levelling the playing field for renewable energy. In…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
