Publications

If fast and substantial reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is postponed further, there are fewer options available to stay below a 2 °C warming at the end of the century. Delayed action is likely…

Worldwide, though in some regions more than others, the quality of land is degrading, reducing its ability to provide ecosystem services humanity depends on for its existence. In view of this trend…

In this paper, we present four model-based scenarios exploring the potential for resource efficiency for energy, land and phosphorus use, and implications for resource depletion, climate change and…

After a decade of annual increases of 4%, on average, and two years (2012 and 2013) of slowing down to about 1%, the growth in global CO 2 emissions almost stalled, increasing by only 0.5% in 2014…

To show the changes in energy-related CO 2 emission in response to economic and policy developments, the annual reference publication “CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion” by the International Energy…

Climate plans submitted by countries in the run-up to the Paris Summit could, if fully implemented, deliver significant reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases. Without new climate policy, the…

Global emissions scenarios studies, such as those informing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5), highlight the importance of the transport sector for…

International climate initiatives operating outside the global climate negotiations could deliver greenhouse gas emission reductions of 2.5 GtCO2-equivalents by 2020 and 5.5 GtCO2 eq by 2030, compared…

The Netherlands, similar to many other countries, is vulnerable to climate change. With its new Delta Programme, the Dutch Government has made an important step forward towards national climate…

Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) are projected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 by up to 6 gigatonnes of CO 2 e, but 12 extra gigatonnes are needed to keep warming below…