Facility arrangements and the environmental performance of disposable and reusable cups
This paper integrates two complementary life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies aimed at advicing facility managers on the sustainable use of disposable or reusable cups. Study-1 compares three disposable…
A method to create carbon footprint estimates consistent with national accounts
Although multiregional input–output (MRIO) databases use data from national statistical offices, the reconciliation of various data sources results in significantly altered country data. This makes it…
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants—And Then Looking the Other Way? Epistemic Opacity, Immersion, and Modeling in Hydraulic Engineering
Computational models are the predominant instruments for studying water-related phenomena in hydraulic engineering. Over time, these models have become more and more opaque, making it more difficult…
Understanding the contribution of non-carbon dioxide gases in deep mitigation scenarios
In 2010, the combined emissions of methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and the fluorinated gasses (F-gas) accounted for 20–30% of Kyoto emissions and about 30% of radiative forcing. Current…
The role of water nitrogen retention in integrated nutrient management: assessment in a large basin using different modelling approaches
Assessing the removal of nitrogen (temporary and permanent) in large river basins is complex due to the dependency on climate, hydrological and physical characteristics, and ecosystems functioning…
Projections of the availability and cost of residues from agriculture and forestry
By-products of agricultural and forestry processes, known as residues, may act as a primary source of renewable energy. Studies assessing the availability of this resource so far offer few insights on…
A review of trend models applied to sea level data with reference to the “acceleration-deceleration debate”
It is expected that sea level rise will have large impacts along coastal zones of the world. Therefore, the estimation of long-term trends is of eminent importance. However, no scientific consensus…
Co-benefits and trade-offs of between greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions for measures reducing ammonia emissions and implications for costing
This book chapter shows there are both synergies and counter effects related to climate and nitrogen policy. The synergies concern nitrogen efficiency improvements in animal and plant production…
PBL developed an update of the available regional trade data on Europe. This report sets out how these regional trade data were developed by PBL for the year 2010. The data on the bilateral trade…
Possible energy futures for Brazil and Latin America in conservative and stringent mitigation pathways up to 2050
Latin America has a unique position to address climate change impacts due to its many mitigation opportunities and its growing economy. This paper applied two global and one regional integrated…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
