Predicting the effect of climate change on temperate shallow lakes with the ecosystem model PCLake
Shallow lakes shift from a clear to a turbid state when a critical nutrient loading is exceed. Calculations with PCLake predict that climate change will likely lead to decreased critical nutrient…
Improving the spatial coherence of nature areas using genetic algorithms
The National Ecological Network in the Netherlands will provide a network of high-quality nature areas to improve its spatial coherence. To realize this goal in the period 1990-2018 over 1,500 square…
Biogeophysical effects of land use on climate: model simulations of radiative forcing and large-scale temperature change
Changes in land cover affect climate through the surface energy and moisture budgets. Here we assess the importance of these biogeophysical effects for present-day climate, and quantify the radiative…
A hybrid Kalman filter algorithm for large-scale atmospheric chemistry data assimilation
Data assimilation is a method to combine the information from model calculations with observations to obtain an estimate of the state of a system, in this case the atmosphere. A Kalman filter is used…
The potential role of hydrogen in energy systems with and without climate policy
Introduction of hydrogen in global energy system can lead to lower CO 2 emissions (high end-use efficiency; low-carbon production of hydrogen) but might also increase CO 2 emissions (producing…
Renewable energy sources: their global potential for the first-half of the 21st century at a global level: an integrated approach
Decision-makers, societal groups and scientists have at various moments in time expressed their interest in renewable energy sources such as power from wind, sun and biomass-derived fuels. Recently…
In this study, we focus on bacterial reduction of N 2O to N 2 and discuss the likeliness of N 2O uptake in different systems, including soils and aquatic systems. Our results indicate that soils are…
Options for post-2012 EU burden sharing and EU ETS allocation
Discussions on post-2012 climate change policies have again raised the question of EU internal burden sharing. Due to the introduction of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) these discussions have…
Aviation and maritime transport in a post-2012 climate regime
Emissions from international aviation and shipping make a significant contribution to climate change. This study explores ways to incorporate international aviation and maritime shipping in a global…
Stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at low levels: an assessment of reduction strategies and costs
The study shows stabilization as low as 450 ppm CO 2-eq. to be technically feasible, even given relatively high baseline scenarios. To achieve these lower concentration levels, global emissions need…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
