Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework
The ecosystem services concept is a cornerstone of contemporary sustainability thought. Challenges with this concept and its applications are well documented, but have not been systematically assessed…
Coupling global models for hydrology and nutrient loading to simulate nitrogen and phosphorus retention in surface water – description of IMAGE–GNM and analysis of performance
The Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) was extended with the Global Nutrient Model (GNM) to study the impact of multiple simultaneous environmental changes on nitrogen (N) and…
Understanding global future river flood risk is a prerequisite for the quantification of climate change impacts and planning effective adaptation strategies. Existing global flood risk projections…
Joint Actions for Air Quality and Climate Mitigation in Europe
Combined action for air and climate can be undertaken by (i) targeting atmospheric compounds that happen to have detrimental impacts on health, ecosystem and climate at the same time (short lived…
Dutch energy supply is at a tipping point. The share of renewable energy is expected to grow at an accelerated pace, up to 2023; in part due to the efforts of those involved in the Energy Agreement…
Simulated carbon emissions from land-use change are substantially enhanced by accounting for agricultural management
It is over three decades since a large terrestrial carbon sink ( S T) was first reported. The magnitude of the net sink is now relatively well known, and its importance for dampening atmospheric CO 2…
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon…
Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions
To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 °C, most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs). These are…
Greenhouse gas emissions from current and enhanced policies of China until 2030: Can emissions peak before 2030?
In June 2015, China announced its post-2020 reduction targets, its central element being the intention to peak CO 2 emissions by 2030 or earlier. China has implemented several policies to reduce its…
Raising the ambition level of INDCs allows for a smoother energy transition
This note presents preliminary calculations on the implications of the INDCs for the long-term international climate goal of keeping global temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
