Climate impact response functions as impact tools in the tolerable windows approach
A critical issue for policymakers in defining mitigationstrategies for climate change is the availability of appropriate evaluation tools. The development of climate impact response functions (CIRFs)…
Establishing the link between ammonia emission control and measurements of reduced nitrogen concentrations and deposition
In the context of international efforts to reduce the impactsof atmospheric NH 3 and NH 4 + (collectively, NH x), it is important to establish the link between NH3 emissions and monitoring of NH x…
Climate impact response functions as impact tools in the tolerable windows approach
A critical issue for policymakers in defining mitigation strategies for climate change is the availability of appropriate evaluation tools. The development of climate impact response functions (CIRFs)…
The direct and indirect energy requirement of households in the European Union
In this article we evaluate the average energy requirement of households in 11 EU member states. By investigating both the direct (electricity, natural gas, gasoline, etc.) and the indirect energy…
Modelling the recovery of acid-sensitive Finnish headwater lakes under present emission reduction agreements
Over the past two decades, substantial reductions in the deposition of acidifying substances (primarily sulphur) have occurred in most parts of Europe and, following recent agreements, this trend is…
Long-term development of acid deposition (1880-2030) in sensitive freshwater regions in Europe
Time series of the deposition of acidifying substances are a pre-requisite for the study of the acidification and recovery of ecosystems such as surface waters. This paper reports the derivation and…
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment ozone profile characterization using interpretation tools and lidar measurements for intercomparison
Global ozone profiles are derived from the ultraviolet and visible part of the spectra of the nadir-viewing Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), which is mounted on the polar orbiting second…
Energy and emission scenarios for China in the 21st century - exploration of baseline development and mitigation options
In this paper, we have used the simulation model IMAGE/TIMER to develop a set of energy and emission scenarios for China between 1995 and 2100, based on the global baseline scenarios published by IPCC…
Critical levels and critical loads as a tool for air quality management
Critical loads and levels are a tool for assessing the risk of air pollution impacts to ecosystems. APIS provides critical loads and levels for different pollutants. The user can also undertake site…
COOL: exploring options for carbon dioxide reduction in an participatory mode
The ULYSSES study has been an interesting exercise, unique in its variety of research groups spread all over Europe with different research backgrounds and different foci, yet all embarking on a…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency