Simple Planning Rules for Complex Urban Problems: Toward Legal Certainty for Spatial Flexibility
In the course of the nineteenth century, many countries attempted to simplify their regulatory systems; since then, however, the entire legal apparatus has become ever more complex, being based on the…
Uncertain Environmental Footprint of Current and Future Battery Electric Vehicles
The future environmental impacts of battery electric vehicles (EVs) are very important given their expected dominance in future transport systems. Previous studies have shown these impacts to be…
Agricultural nature conservation in the Netherlands: three lenses on transition pathways.
In this paper three approaches on transitions pathways are combined to study the role of agricultural nature conservation in the Dutch land use domain for achieving internationally agreed climate and…
Pathways for agriculture and forestry to contribute to terrestrial biodiversity conservation: a global scenario-study
While there has been an increase in the societal responses to biodiversity loss, in most cases this will not be sufficient to achieve the biodiversity targets by 2020, let alone to realise the long…
Cities are economically segregated to various degrees. Segregation translates into greater homogeneity of neighborhoods: the rich and the poor usually occupy separate parts of the city. In response…
Scenarios for Demand Growth of Metals in Electricity Generation Technologies, Cars, and Electronic Appliances
This study provides scenarios toward 2050 for the demand of five metals in electricity production, cars, and electronic appliances. The metals considered are copper, tantalum, neodymium, cobalt, and…
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the global carbon budget – is important to…
The continental divide? Economic exposure to Brexit in regions and countries on both sides of The Channel
In this article we demonstrate that 10-17% of regional GDP in the UK regions is exposed to a Brexit. This is far more than regions in other countries. Only regions in the Republic of Ireland face…
Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5 °C
The 2015 Paris Agreement calls for countries to pursue efforts to limit global-mean temperature rise to 1.5 °C. The transition pathways that can meet such a target have not, however, been extensively…
Relative price increase for nature and ecosystem services
In 2015, the Dutch working group on discount rates recommended using the standard discount rate in cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) of nature, while taking into account annual relative price increases of…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
