Critical levels and critical loads as a tool for air quality management
Critical loads and levels are a tool for assessing the risk of air pollution impacts to ecosystems. APIS provides critical loads and levels for different pollutants. The user can also undertake site…
COOL: exploring options for carbon dioxide reduction in an participatory mode
The ULYSSES study has been an interesting exercise, unique in its variety of research groups spread all over Europe with different research backgrounds and different foci, yet all embarking on a…
This chapter provides an update on scientific progress since the previous Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion (WMO, 1999) regarding ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in the atmosphere. This…
The thickness of the ozone layer above Europe has decreased significantly since the beginning of the 1980s, and is declining at a rate of 4–5 % per decade.
Results of 10 years of monitoring nitrogen in the sandy regions in the Netherlands
The effect of policy measures on agriculture and water quality with respect to nitrogen have been monitored on farms in the sandy regions since the early 1990s.
Comparing integrated crop management and organic production
This chapter describes the environmental impact of integrated crop management and organic farming, with nutrients (particularly nitrate leaching), pesticides, energy use, soil (soil organic matter…
Climate change and sustainable development: expanding the options
Climate change and sustainable development have been addressed in largely separate circles in both research and policy. Nevertheless, there are strong linkages between the two in both realms.
Europe's environment: the third assessment - Climate change
Global and European average temperatures are increasing, sea levels are rising, glaciers are melting, and the frequencies of extreme weather events and precipitation are changing. Most of the warming…
Assessing emission reduction target with dynamic models: deriving target load functions for use in integrated assessment
International agreements to reduce the emission of acidifying sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds have been negotiated on the basis of an understanding of the link between acidification related…
Air pollution by ozone in Europe in summer 2003. Overview of exceedances of EC ozone treshold values during the summer season April-August 2003 and comparisons with previous years
In the period 1995–2003 of reporting under the old ozone directive, there has been little or no change in the reported exceedances of ozone threshold values. This is not unexpected as reductions in…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency