A global analysis of future water deficit based on different allocation mechanisms
Freshwater scarcity is already an urgent problem in some areas, but may increase significantly in the future. To assess future developments, we need to understand how future population growth…
Most policies consist of mixes, new interventions being implemented on top of already existing policies. Whether this is a good idea or not is often unclear: evaluating policy mixes is difficult, and…
Interaction of consumer preferences and climate policies in the global transition to low-carbon vehicles
Burgeoning demands for mobility and private vehicle ownership undermine global efforts to reduce energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Advanced vehicles powered by low-carbon sources of electricity…
Implications of eutrophication for biogeochemical processes in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Three Gorges Reservoir, the largest man-made lake in the Changjiang River traps a small fraction of the nitrogen (N) and dissolved silicate (DSi) inflows, and a larger fraction of P. This leads to…
Towards a safe operating space for the Netherlands
This policy brief discusses normative choices in setting national policy targets that are in line with SDG ambitions related to global environmental challenges. Based on scientific insights into…
Operationalising the concept of a safe operating space at the EU level – first steps and explorations
The Planetary Boundaries framework proposes quantitative limits for human perturbation of critical Earth System processes, defining a global ‘safe operating space’. The framework can help in…
Simulating the deep decarbonisation of residential heating for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C
Whole-economy scenarios for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C suggest that direct carbon emissions in the buildings sector should decrease to almost zero by 2050, but leave unanswered the question how…
Global energy sector emission reductions and bioenergy use: overview of the bioenergy demand phase of the EMF-33 model comparison
We present an overview of results from 11 integrated assessment models (IAMs) that participated in the 33 rd study of the Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF-33) on the viability of large-scale…
Residual fossil CO2 emissions in 1.5–2 °C pathways
The Paris Agreement—which is aimed at holding global warming well below 2 °C while pursuing efforts to limit it below 1.5 °C—has initiated a bottom-up process of iteratively updating nationally…
Methods for calculating the emissions of transport in the Netherlands 2018
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used to calculate the emissions of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
