The Multiple Roles of ICLEI: Intermediating to Innovate Urban Biodiversity Governance
Aligning strategic environmental planning at local levels with the implementation of global goals is growing more relevant. ICLEI, the global network of local governments for sustainability, has…
Not all carbon dioxide emission scenarios are equally likely: a subjective expert assessment
Climate researchers use carbon dioxide emission scenarios to explore alternative climate futures and potential impacts, as well as implications of mitigation and adaptation policies. Often, these…
The role of the discount rate for emission pathways and negative emissions
The importance of the discount rate in cost-benefit analysis of long term problems, such as climate change, has been widely acknowledged. However, the choice of the discount rate is hardly discussed…
From visions to scenarios for nature and nature’s contributions to people for the 21st century: workshop report
PBL co-organised a workshop to build on the Nature Futures Framework, developed by the IPBES scenarios and models expert group, which serves to discuss future visions based on how people value nature…
Mid-century emission pathways in Japan associated with the global 2 °C goal: national and global models’ assessments based on carbon budgets
This study assesses Japan’s mid-century low-emission pathways using both national and global integrated assessment models in the common mitigation scenario framework, based on the carbon budgets…
The vulnerabilities of agricultural land and food production to future water scarcity
Rapidly increasing populations coupled with increased food demand requires either an expansion of agricultural land or sufficient production gains from current resources. However, in a changing world…
The implications of re-exports for gravity equation estimation, NAFTA and Brexit
This paper illustrates the importance of taking into account re-exports. It shows that not taking into account re-exports causes estimates from the gravity model (the standard economic trade model) to…
EDGAR v4.3.2 Global Atlas of the three major greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1970–2012
The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) compiles anthropogenic emissions data for greenhouse gases (GHGs), and for multiple air pollutants, based on international statistics and…
Opportunities for the Action Agenda for Nature and People
The ‘Action Agenda for Nature and People’ of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has potential to become a powerful vehicle for increasing the ambition level of global biodiversity policy…
This policy brief presents insights that can be derived from the gap indicators in the ‘global stocktake’ dynamic web tool. We know that there is a global emissions gap, as current policies on the…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
