Identifying the drivers for succesful implementation of the Birds and Habitats Directives
There are a large number of factors that drive the success of conservation measures for habitats and species. PBL has contributed to a study to assess these drivers. The legitimate status that…
First forcing estimates from the future CMIP6 scenarios of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey effect
We present the first forcing interpretation of the future anthropogenic aerosol scenarios of CMIP6 with the simple plumes parameterisation MACv2-SP. The nine scenarios for 2015 to 2100 are based on…
Implementation of EU water policies benefits from synergies within the nexus between water, energy, land, food and climate
At the European Union level, there is a strong policy coherence between water policies and those on land, agriculture, energy and climate. More advantage could be taken of synergies between these…
Policy coherence of the EU Common Agricultural Policy within the nexus between water, energy, land, food and climate depends on policy implementation
There is great technical potential for the agricultural sector to contribute to the improvement of water, land and landscape management, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and an efficient use…
Global Environment Outlook 6: Healthy Planet, healthy People
The world is not on track to achieve internationally agreed environmental targets, such as those outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. To get back on track…
Capacity vs Energy Subsidies for Renewables: Benefits and Costs for the 2030 EU Power Market
Policy makers across Europe have implemented renewable support policies with several policy objectives in mind. Among these are achieving ambitious renewable energy targets at the lowest cost and…
The future of biomass and bioenergy deployment and trade: a synthesis of 15 years IEA Bioenergy Task 40 on sustainable bioenergy trade
Current biomass production and trade volumes for energy and new materials and bio‐chemicals are only a small fraction to achieve the bioenergy levels suggested by many global energy and climate change…
Insights from the intellectual history of the Global Environment Outlook
The Global Environment Outlook (GEO) has successfully established a template for global, regional and local reporting on environment and development. GEO highlights upcoming challenges and options for…
Benchmarking eco-efficiency and footprints of Dutch agriculture in European context: implications for policies for climate and environment
This article benchmarks eco-efficiencies (defined as gross added value per unit of resource input or pollution) and environmental pressures (defined as resource use or emissions per unit of land or…
Aquatic risks from human pharmaceuticals - modelling temporal trends of carbamazepine and ciprofloxacin at the global scale
Despite the worldwide presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, a comprehensivempicture of their aquatic risk (AR) at the global scale has not yet been produced. Here, we present a…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
