Global nitrogen and phosphate in urban wastewater for the period 1970 to 2050
This paper constitutes the first spatially explicit, global assessment of sewage N and P emissions to surface water for the period 1970 to 2000, and the first projection of such N and P emissions for…
Global patterns of dissolved silica export to the coastal zone: Results from a spatially explicit global model
This study presents a model for river export of dissolved SiO 2, with river-basin spatial scale and an annual temporal scale. The model is based on four variables with a significant influence on DSi…
From forest to waste: assessment of the Brazilian soybean chain, using nitrogen as a marker
With economic growth, urbanization and changing diets, world demand for plant-derived oils and their derivates is soaring. Oils are used inter alia in the food, feed and cosmetics industry, and…
A framework to identify appropriate spatial and temporal scales for modeling N flows from watersheds
Many different large-scalewatershed nitrogen (N) flowmodels exist, which describe processes related to the horizontal movement of N through large drainage networks of river basins. Equations of such…
The future of vascular plant diversity under four global scenarios
Biodiversity is of crucial importance for ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Using quantitative projections of changes in land use and climate from the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment…
Denitritication across landscapes and waterscapes: a synthesis
Both newly fixed N and recycled N (e.g., manure) are processed by terrestrial ecosystems. A substantial portion of this recycled N is subsequently transferred to groundwater, wetlands, lakes, rivers…
Nitrate leaching in agriculture to upper groundwater in the sandy regions of the Netherlands during the 1992-1995 period
The Dutch National Monitoring Programme for Effectiveness of the Minerals Policy (LMM) was initiated to allow detection of a statutory reduction in nitrate leaching caused by a decreasing N load. The…
The Dutch nitrogen cascade in the European perspective
This paper provides an overview of the origin and the fate of nitrogen in the Netherlands, the various reported impacts of nitrogen, the Dutch and European policies to reduce nitrogen emissions and…
Environmental effects of manure policy options in the Netherlands
This study explores the effects of manure policy options for agricultural land in The Netherlands on nitrate leaching to groundwater, ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere and on…
Economic and environmental effects of the manure policy in the Netherlands: synthesis of integrated ex-post and ex-ante evaluation
This paper summarises the results of both an ex-post evaluation of the Dutch Mineral Accounting System (MINAS) and an ex-ante evaluation of the effect of different levy-free surplus values.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency