Global impacts of surface ozone changes on crop yields and land use
Exposure to surface ozone has detrimental impacts on vegetation and crop yields. In this study, we estimate ozone impacts on crop production and subsequent impacts on land use in the 2005–2050 period…
Potential of extensification of European agriculture for a more sustainable food system, focusing on nitrogen
Most global strategies for future food security focus on sustainable intensification of production of food and involve increased use of nitrogen fertilizer and manure. The external costs of current…
Losses of Ammonia and Nitrate from Agriculture and Their Effect on Nitrogen Recovery in the European Union and the United States between 1900 and 2050
Historical trends and levels of nitrogen (N) budgets and emissions to air and water in the European Union and the United States are markedly different. Agro-environmental policy approaches also differ…
Global implementation of two shared socioeconomic pathways for future sanitation and wastewater flows
Households are an important source of nutrient loading to surface water. Sewage systems without or with only primary wastewater treatment are major polluters of surface water. Future emission levels…
Nitrogen use and food production in European regions from a global perspective
Current production systems for crops, meat, dairy and bioenergy in the European Union (EU) rely strongly on the external input of nitrogen (N). The current paper reviews key features of the complex…
Struggling to deal with uncertainties. What is known about indirect land-use change?
The efforts that are required in order to mitigate indirect land-use change (ILUC) and achieve a considerable reduction in emissions from biofuels crops, compared to the fossil-fuel alternative…
Beoordeling Programmatische Aanpak Stikstof: De verwachte effecten voor natuur en vergunningverlening
Met de Programmatische Aanpak Stikstof (PAS) wil het kabinet beschermde stikstofgevoelige natuurgebieden laten herstellen en tegelijkertijd rondom deze gebieden ruimte voor economische ontwikkelingen…
Second opinion MKBA Rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer
Het CPB en het PBL hebben in april 2014 op verzoek van het ministerie van IenM een second opinion gegeven op een concept-MKBA Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer. Deze second opinion is gebruikt voor het…
Hoe sectoren kunnen bijdragen aan duurzaam gebruik en behoud van biodiversiteit
Ontwikkelingen in landbouw, bosbouw, visserij en waterbeheer hebben wereldwijd grote invloed op de natuur en veroorzaken een groot deel van het biodiversiteitsverlies. Dat was zo en het is de…
Share of raw material costs in total production costs
The share of raw material costs in the total costs for producers can be calculated using different methods. This note compares two of these methods; the energy and material costs and the basic raw…
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