Europe's environment: the third assessment - Climate change
Global and European average temperatures are increasing, sea levels are rising, glaciers are melting, and the frequencies of extreme weather events and precipitation are changing. Most of the warming…
Assessing emission reduction target with dynamic models: deriving target load functions for use in integrated assessment
International agreements to reduce the emission of acidifying sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds have been negotiated on the basis of an understanding of the link between acidification related…
Air pollution by ozone in Europe in summer 2003. Overview of exceedances of EC ozone treshold values during the summer season April-August 2003 and comparisons with previous years
In the period 1995–2003 of reporting under the old ozone directive, there has been little or no change in the reported exceedances of ozone threshold values. This is not unexpected as reductions in…
A modelling assessment of acidification and recovery of European surface waters
The increase in emission of sulphur oxides and nitrogen (both oxidised and reduced forms) since the mid-1800s caused a severe decline in pH and ANC in acid-sensitive surface waters across Europe…
Energy and emission scenarios for China in the 21st century - exploration of baseline development and mitigation options
In this paper, we have used the simulation model IMAGE/TIMER to develop a set of energy and emission scenarios for China between 1995 and 2100, based on the global baseline scenarios published by IPCC…
Comprehensive approaches to differentiation of future climate commitments: some options compared
This chapter explores and evaluates some possible options for future differentiation of commitments for developed and developing countries, taking into account the experience with the Kyoto Protocol…
Europe's environment: the third assessment - Air pollution in Europe
Air pollution is a transboundary, multipollutant/ multi-effect environmental problem. Although significant and welldirected efforts over more than two decades have led to a reduction in emissions, air…
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