Multisectoral climate impact hotspots in a warming world
The impacts of global climate change on different aspects of humanity’s diverse life-support systems are complex and often difficult to predict. To facilitate policy decisions on mitigation and…
Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands, 1990–2012: National Inventory Report 2014
Total greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands in 2012 decreased by approximately 1.7% compared to 2011. This decrease was mainly the result of a decrease in fuel combustion in the energy sector…
Energy cooperatives: aims, operational perspective and interaction with municipalities
The Netherlands, currently, has around 110 energy cooperatives with the objectives of local energy generation and energy saving, as well as strengthening the community. In their view, the related…
Methods for calculating transport emissions in the Netherlands
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used for calculating the emission of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions…
Estimating the opportunity costs of reducing carbon dioxide emissions via avoided deforestation, using integrated assessment modelling
Estimates show that, in recent years, deforestation and forest degradation accounted for about 17% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The implementation of REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation…
Key role of China and its agriculture in global sustainable phosphorus management
Growing global demand for food leads to increased pressure on phosphorus (P), a finite and dwindling resource. China is the largest producer and consumer of P fertilizer in the world. A mass balance…
Deep CO2 emission reductions in a global bottom-up model approach
Most studies that explore deep GHG emission reduction scenarios assume that climate goals are reached by implementing least-cost emission mitigation options, typically by implementing a global carbon…
Model collaboration for the improved assessment of biomass supply, demand, and impacts
Existing assessments of biomass supply and demand and their impacts face various types of limitations and uncertainties, partly due to the type of tools and methods applied (e.g., partial…
Balance between climate change mitigation benefits and land use impacts of bioenergy: conservation implications for European birds
We assess projected range shifts of 156 European bird species by 2050 under two alternative climate change trajectories: a baseline scenario, where the global mean temperature increases by 4 °C by the…
The role of renewable energy in climate stabilization: results from the EMF27 scenarios
This paper uses the EMF27 scenarios to explore the role of renewable energy (RE) in climate change mitigation. Currently RE supplies almost 20 % of global electricity demand. Almost all EMF27…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
