Global carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production increased in 2013 to the new record of 35.3 billion tonnes (Gt) CO 2 , which is 0.7 Gt higher than last year’s record…
Unconventional Gas and the European Union (EU): Prospects and Challenges for Competitiveness
This paper analyses the likely impact of unconventional gas developments in the United States on EU competitiveness, in both the short and the long run. It reviews the recent literature and brings…
Yield-scaled mitigation of ammonia emission from N fertilization: the Spanish case
Here, we present a novel methodology to provide an integrated assessment of the best strategies to abate NH 3 from N applications to crops. Using scenario analyses, we assessed the potential of 11…
Global implementation of two shared socioeconomic pathways for future sanitation and wastewater flows
Households are an important source of nutrient loading to surface water. Sewage systems without or with only primary wastewater treatment are major polluters of surface water. Future emission levels…
Disentangling the ranges: climate policy scenarios for China and India
Greenhouse gas emissions in China and India have been increasing rapidly over the last decade. Scenario studies can provide insight into expected future trends and the emission reduction potential in…
Comparing public and private sustainability monitoring and reporting
Over the last 20 years, sustainability reporting has become standard practice for many large companies – partly due to government regulation – and this information is increasingly used by rating…
Nitrogen use and food production in European regions from a global perspective
Current production systems for crops, meat, dairy and bioenergy in the European Union (EU) rely strongly on the external input of nitrogen (N). The current paper reviews key features of the complex…
This report summarizes the findings of the IMAGE Advisory Board meeting, which took place from 9 to 11 July 2014 in The Hague. The Advisory Board was asked by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment…
Introduction to the AMPERE model intercomparison studies on the economics of climate stabilization
Climate stabilization requires ambitious policies to transition to low carbon economies within this century. Although the international community has recognized the goal to limit global warming to 2°C…
Biomass is an indispensable resource for a clean Dutch economy, as it is for that of many other countries. The organic material is used to replace fossil resources. This, for example, reduces resource…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
