A modelling approach for the assessment of the effects of Common Agricultural Policy measures on farmland biodiversity in the EU27
Greening of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) may help to achieve targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. A suite of models can ne used to calculate the impacts of policy measures…
Out of the Comfort Zone: Institutional Context and the Scope for Legitimate Climate Adaptation Policy
Adaptation to climate change is gradually becoming accepted as one of the major challenges in regional and urban planning. However, the scope for options that make our societies less vulnerable to…
Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century
This paper presents a global model-based country-scale quantification of urban nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) waste flows from humans, animals, and industries, including discharge to surface water…
Limited attention has been paid to how neighbourhood conditions affect firm relocation choices. Using a panel dataset (1999-2006) of actual firm relocations in the Netherlands, the effect of different…
Using logged trees as a bioenergy source – replacing fossil fuel – carries the risk of first increasing CO 2 emissions before reducing them. It could in fact take up to 100 years before emissions…
Sensitivity analyses of the ESPON Climate framework, on the basis of the case study on flooding in the Netherlands
The ESPON Climate framework is a first attempt to develop a comprehensive methodology that integrates data and interrelations across a vast range of relevant fields in order to assess a pan-European…
The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century
Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority…
Comments on the European Commission's Green Paper ‘A 2030 framework for climate and energy policies’
The European Commission has recently published a green paper titled ‘A 2030 framework for climate and energy policies’. In that document, the Commission formulated a number of questions for public…
Quantifying biodiversity impacts of climate change and bioenergy: the role of integrated global scenarios
The role of bioenergy in climate change mitigation is a topic of heated debate, as the demand for land may result in social and ecological conflicts. Biodiversity impacts are a key controversy, given…
Trade-off analysis of ecosystem services in Eastern Europe
In this paper we assess trade-offs between ecosystem services in a spatially explicit manner. From a supply side perspective, we estimate opportunity costs, which reflect in monetary terms the trade…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
